A splenectomy, as the name implies, is an operation that involves removing your spleen. Your spleen helps fight infections in your body and filter old or damaged blood cells, but it is not an essential organ. Because of this, if problems develop, a surgeon will remove the organ through a splenectomy operation. Today, we take a closer look at why a splenectomy is performed, what happens during a splenectomy, and the risks involved.
Who Needs A Splenectomy?
A splenectomy may be ordered for a couple different reasons, but the most common reason is to address a ruptured spleen, which is typically the result of acute trauma. Aside from a ruptured spleen, other reasons you may need a splenectomy include:
- Enlarged Spleen – If your spleen becomes enlarged, it can cause pain and may need to be removed.
- Blood Disorders – A number of different blood disorders, like sickle cell anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, may need to be treated with a splenectomy. However, some blood conditions affecting the spleen can be treated with medications and other conservative options.
- Cancer – Some forms of leukemia and lymphoma in the spleen will be treated with a splenectomy.
- Infection – Infections of the spleen may require surgery if it doesn’t respond to other treatment options.
- Tumor or Cysts – Noncancerous cysts can also present problems for the spleen, leading to the need for an operation.
Splenectomy Operation and Risks
Before surgery, you will be given an anesthetic that puts you to sleep for the operation. Your vitals will be carefully monitored by the surgical team throughout the operation. Once you’re unconscious, the surgeon will begin either the minimally invasive (laparoscopic) or open operation.
- Laparoscopic Splenectomy – The surgeon will make four small incisions and access the spleen with surgical tools and a small camera attached to a tube. The spleen is cut out and removed through the small incisions.
- Open Splenectomy – An open splenectomy involves a larger incision on your abdomen. The surgeon will then move muscles to have a clear view of the spleen. The spleen will then be removed and the incision closed.
A minimally invasive operation is associated with a decreased likelihood of complications and a shorter recovery time, but it isn’t for everyone. For example, individuals with a ruptured spleen or a large tumor may need to undergo an open operation.
Complications during a splenectomy are rare, but some potential risks include:
- Infection
- Blood clots
- Bleeding
- Injury to nearby structures.
For more information about a splenectomy, contact Dr. Koeplin today.
